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clopidogrel  (Toronto Research Chemicals)


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    Structured Review

    Toronto Research Chemicals clopidogrel
    Clopidogrel, supplied by Toronto Research Chemicals, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 38 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/clopidogrel+hydrogen+sulfate/S-(%2B)-Clopidogrel+Hydrogen+Sulfate/pm39299374-38-0-4
    Average 93 stars, based on 38 article reviews
    clopidogrel - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    93/100 stars

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    Article Title: Strain and sex differences in drug hydrolase activities in rodent livers.
    Article Snippet: This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record.. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article.. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

    Article Title: Clopidogrel Carboxylic Acid Glucuronidation is Mediated Mainly by UGT2B7, UGT2B4, and UGT2B17: Implications for Pharmacogenetics and Drug-Drug Interactions .
    Article Snippet: Aprepitant, S-(+)-clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate, (+/-)-clopidogrel carboxylic acid, (+/-)-clopidogrel-d4 carboxylic acid, gemfibrozil, N-desethylamodiaquine hydrochloride and N-desethylamodiaquine-d5 were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (North York, ON, Canada).

    Article Title: Grapefruit juice inhibits the metabolic activation of clopidogrel.
    Article Snippet: The antiplatelet drug clopidogrel is widely used in the treatment of coronary artery disease and other atherothrombotic conditions.1 It is a prodrug, and its therapeutic efficacy relies on the in vivo formation of an active thiol metabolite.. The activation process is carried out in two steps by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, with 2-oxo-clopidogrel as an intermediate.. CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 have been shown to participate in the metabolic activation in vitro,2,3 but CYP2C19 seems to play the most important role in vivo.4 The active metabolite of clopidogrel binds irreversibly to the platelet P2Y12 receptor and thereby inhibits platelet aggregation.

    Article Title: An automated cocktail method for in vitro assessment of direct and time-dependent inhibition of nine major cytochrome P450 enzymes - application to establishing CYP2C8 inhibitor selectivity.
    Article Snippet: Astemizole, astemizole-d3, bupropion hydrochloride, chlorzoxazone, dextrorphan tartrate, dextrorphan-d3 tartrate, diclofenac sodium, furafylline, hydroxybupropion, hydroxybupropion-d6, hydroxytolbutamide, hydroxytolbutamide-d9, N-desethylamodiaquine hydrochloride, Ndesethylamodiaquine-d5, O-desmethylastemizole, ritonavir, R-omeprazole, selegiline hydrochloride, S-mephenytoin, S-(+)-clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate, tacrine hydrochloride, terfenadine, ticlopidine hydrochloride, tienilic acid, tolbutamide, 1-hydroxytacrine-d3, 4-hydroxydiclofenac, 4-hydroxydiclofenac-d4, 5-hydroxyomeprazole sodium, 5- hydroxyomeprazole-d3 sodium, 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone, 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone-d2, 7-hydroxycoumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin-d5 were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, ON, Canada).

    Article Title: Difference in substrate specificity of carboxylesterase and arylacetamide deacetylase between dogs and humans.
    Article Snippet: Accepted Manuscript Difference in substrate specificity of carboxylesterase and arylacetamide deacetylase between dogs and humans Tomohiro Yoshida, Tatsuki Fukami, Takaya Kurokawa, Saki Gotoh, Akifumi Oda, Miki Nakajima PII: S0928-0987(17)30532-8 DOI: doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2017.09.040 Reference: PHASCI 4234 To appear in: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Received date: 12 May 2017 Revised date: 11 September 2017 Accepted date: 25 September 2017 Please cite this article as: Tomohiro Yoshida, Tatsuki Fukami, Takaya Kurokawa, Saki Gotoh, Akifumi Oda, Miki Nakajima , Difference in substrate specificity of carboxylesterase and arylacetamide deacetylase between dogs and humans.. The address for the corresponding author was captured as affiliation for all authors.. Please check if appropriate.

    Article Title: Comparison of substrate specificity among human arylacetamide deacetylase and carboxylesterases.
    Article Snippet: Human arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC) is an esterase responsible for the hydrolysis of some drugs, including flutamide, indiplon, phenacetin, and rifamycins.. AADAC is highly expressed in the human liver, where carboxylesterase (CES) enzymes, namely, CES1 and CES2, are also expressed.. It is generally recognized that CES1 prefers compounds with a large acyl moiety and a small alcohol or amine moiety as substrates, whereas CES2 prefers compounds with a small acyl moiety and a large alcohol or amine moiety.



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    93
    Tocris clopidogrel
    (A) Quantification of patent capillaries subjected to irradiation in the presence of Ps2P , either pretreated with anticoagulants to prevent occlusion or post-treated with rtPA to promote recanalization. All treatments failed to prevent blood flow cessation or to restore blood flow, respectively. (B) Reduction in blood flow upon capillary irradiation in the presence of anticoagulant drugs (left): Aspirin (N = 2, n = 10), heparin (N = 3, n = 17), <t>clopidogrel</t> (N = 4, n = 12) or blood flow recovery following reperfusion therapy with rtPA (N = 2, n = 18; right). Points represent single capillaries. (C) Representative two-photon images showing stalled blood cells inside the targeted capillary (left: leukocyte, middle: red blood cells (RBCs), right: platelets). Channels are displayed separately, with the merged image in the top left. Scale bars: 10 μm. (D) Representative maximum intensity two-photon 30-µm-z-projections of a Claudin5-EGFP reporter mouse. White arrowheads indicate individual EC nuclei. Scale bar: 10 μm. (E) Representative two-photon images of an EC injured capillary, showing pre-irradiation EC morphology (left) and post-irradiation damage (right). Line scan kymographs (cyan rectangles) using third-harmonic generation (THG) imaging confirm the presence and absence of blood flow pre- and post-irradiation, respectively. White arrowhead points towards injured EC nuclei. Scale bars: 10 μm. N = number of animals, n = number of capillaries.
    Clopidogrel, supplied by Tocris, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/clopidogrel+hydrogen+sulfate/(%2B)-Clopidogrel+hydrogen+sulfate/bio_rxiv__2025__05__27__656398-232-0-1
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    93
    Toronto Research Chemicals clopidogrel
    (A) Quantification of patent capillaries subjected to irradiation in the presence of Ps2P , either pretreated with anticoagulants to prevent occlusion or post-treated with rtPA to promote recanalization. All treatments failed to prevent blood flow cessation or to restore blood flow, respectively. (B) Reduction in blood flow upon capillary irradiation in the presence of anticoagulant drugs (left): Aspirin (N = 2, n = 10), heparin (N = 3, n = 17), <t>clopidogrel</t> (N = 4, n = 12) or blood flow recovery following reperfusion therapy with rtPA (N = 2, n = 18; right). Points represent single capillaries. (C) Representative two-photon images showing stalled blood cells inside the targeted capillary (left: leukocyte, middle: red blood cells (RBCs), right: platelets). Channels are displayed separately, with the merged image in the top left. Scale bars: 10 μm. (D) Representative maximum intensity two-photon 30-µm-z-projections of a Claudin5-EGFP reporter mouse. White arrowheads indicate individual EC nuclei. Scale bar: 10 μm. (E) Representative two-photon images of an EC injured capillary, showing pre-irradiation EC morphology (left) and post-irradiation damage (right). Line scan kymographs (cyan rectangles) using third-harmonic generation (THG) imaging confirm the presence and absence of blood flow pre- and post-irradiation, respectively. White arrowhead points towards injured EC nuclei. Scale bars: 10 μm. N = number of animals, n = number of capillaries.
    Clopidogrel, supplied by Toronto Research Chemicals, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/clopidogrel+hydrogen+sulfate/S-(%2B)-Clopidogrel+Hydrogen+Sulfate/pm39299374-38-0-4
    Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    clopidogrel - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    93/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    Image Search Results


    (A) Quantification of patent capillaries subjected to irradiation in the presence of Ps2P , either pretreated with anticoagulants to prevent occlusion or post-treated with rtPA to promote recanalization. All treatments failed to prevent blood flow cessation or to restore blood flow, respectively. (B) Reduction in blood flow upon capillary irradiation in the presence of anticoagulant drugs (left): Aspirin (N = 2, n = 10), heparin (N = 3, n = 17), clopidogrel (N = 4, n = 12) or blood flow recovery following reperfusion therapy with rtPA (N = 2, n = 18; right). Points represent single capillaries. (C) Representative two-photon images showing stalled blood cells inside the targeted capillary (left: leukocyte, middle: red blood cells (RBCs), right: platelets). Channels are displayed separately, with the merged image in the top left. Scale bars: 10 μm. (D) Representative maximum intensity two-photon 30-µm-z-projections of a Claudin5-EGFP reporter mouse. White arrowheads indicate individual EC nuclei. Scale bar: 10 μm. (E) Representative two-photon images of an EC injured capillary, showing pre-irradiation EC morphology (left) and post-irradiation damage (right). Line scan kymographs (cyan rectangles) using third-harmonic generation (THG) imaging confirm the presence and absence of blood flow pre- and post-irradiation, respectively. White arrowhead points towards injured EC nuclei. Scale bars: 10 μm. N = number of animals, n = number of capillaries.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: ECgo: All-Optical Induction of Single Endothelial Cell Injury and Capillary Occlusion in the Brain

    doi: 10.1101/2025.05.27.656398

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Quantification of patent capillaries subjected to irradiation in the presence of Ps2P , either pretreated with anticoagulants to prevent occlusion or post-treated with rtPA to promote recanalization. All treatments failed to prevent blood flow cessation or to restore blood flow, respectively. (B) Reduction in blood flow upon capillary irradiation in the presence of anticoagulant drugs (left): Aspirin (N = 2, n = 10), heparin (N = 3, n = 17), clopidogrel (N = 4, n = 12) or blood flow recovery following reperfusion therapy with rtPA (N = 2, n = 18; right). Points represent single capillaries. (C) Representative two-photon images showing stalled blood cells inside the targeted capillary (left: leukocyte, middle: red blood cells (RBCs), right: platelets). Channels are displayed separately, with the merged image in the top left. Scale bars: 10 μm. (D) Representative maximum intensity two-photon 30-µm-z-projections of a Claudin5-EGFP reporter mouse. White arrowheads indicate individual EC nuclei. Scale bar: 10 μm. (E) Representative two-photon images of an EC injured capillary, showing pre-irradiation EC morphology (left) and post-irradiation damage (right). Line scan kymographs (cyan rectangles) using third-harmonic generation (THG) imaging confirm the presence and absence of blood flow pre- and post-irradiation, respectively. White arrowhead points towards injured EC nuclei. Scale bars: 10 μm. N = number of animals, n = number of capillaries.

    Article Snippet: Clopidogrel (Tocris, Cat.# 1820) administration included either a 4-day treatment at a lower dose (20 mg/kg; one i.p. injection per day over 4 d) or a higher single dose injection (100 mg/kg, i.p.) on the capillary irradiation day, with a minimum 3-h waiting period between injection and capillary irradiation.

    Techniques: Irradiation, Imaging